Dicembre 2009
Articolo di Giulia Brunazzi
Dopo l'indipendenza, l'India ha compiuto molti sforzi per incentivare la crescita dei vari settori economici, compreso il settore dell'energia. Attualmente la capacità totale di generazione di potenza è superiore a 147.965 MW e ruolo dominante è da attribuirsi ai combustibili fossili (carbone, petrolio e gas) che generano il 64,6% dell'energia.
Tuttavia, il rischio di vertiginosi aumenti di prezzo e l'incertezza geopolitica nella fornitura di gas naturale e petrolio, oltre alla forte dipendenza dell'India dalle importazioni di petrolio (Which will increase to 91.6% by 2020) and air pollution, make it a priority to reduce the use of non-renewable energy sources to meet the growing needs and the need for energy security.
On June 30, 2008, during the launch of the National Action Plan on Climate Change, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said:
"Our goal is to make sustainable economic development of India in terms of energy . The economic activity will switch from using fossil fuels to the use of non-fossil fuels and must reduce dependence on nonrenewable energy sources, already low, to address in order to more renewables. In this strategy, the sun represents a central role. We will ask the most talented in science, technology and management to make the sun as a source of abundant energy for the country to strengthen our economy and transform the lives of the inhabitants. [...]"
, India presents huge opportunities for solar energy: it is a tropical country, where available sunlight is 250-300 days a year for several hours daily and intensive. Most areas of the country receive daily solar radiation of 4-7 kWh per square meter for a potential energy equal to about 600 terawatt [1] year.
Today, in India there is an installed capacity of solar energy equal to only 2 MW. The lack of development of the segment is caused by the high cost of solar energy generation (from 0.18 to 0.22 € / unit) resulting in turn from the capital expenditure (about 2.94 million euro (MW). Suffice think that the production costs of conventional energy sources is approximately 0.03 to 0.04 € / unit.
To promote the sector, the Central Government has provided various subsidies to solar power generation. One of the policies stronger is the National Solar Mission, presented by the Prime Minister of India in early 2009.
The main purpose of the National Solar Mission is to make India a global leader in solar energy, by:
- installation of solar systems for a total capacity of 20 gigawatts by 2020, to 100 gigawatts by 2030 and of 200 gigawatts by 2050;
- reducing the cost of solar energy, to achieve equality than other sources;
- achieving equality at the level of power generation, with coal by 2030;
- creating 4-5 gigawatt production capacity of solar energy by 2017.
The implementation of solar energy plan will be developed in three phases:
- Phase 1 (2009-2012). The main objectives of Phase 1 are: quickly reach economies of scale to reduce costs, stimulate domestic production and validating the viability of various solar applications;
- Phase 2 (2012-2017). Plans for Phase 2 include: expansion of the equipment installed and validated, the launch of the business model on rural electrification, commercialization of solar thermal plants, launching new technologies, promotion of lighting and heating systems for large scale solar, reaching a total installed capacity of 7.6 gigawatts by 2017;
- Phase 3 (2017-2020). In step 3 you will achieve the following objectives: achieving equality of rates with other conventional energy sources, commercialization of technologies for energy conservation, significantly reducing the cost of solar power and the creation of a robust support infrastructure within the country, reaching a total installed capacity of 20 gigawatts and creation of 1 million rooftop solar systems with a capacity of 3 kW, 2020.
[1] 1 TW = 1 trillion watts.
Dopo l'indipendenza, l'India ha compiuto molti sforzi per incentivare la crescita dei vari settori economici, compreso il settore dell'energia. Attualmente la capacità totale di generazione di potenza è superiore a 147.965 MW e ruolo dominante è da attribuirsi ai combustibili fossili (carbone, petrolio e gas) che generano il 64,6% dell'energia.
Tuttavia, il rischio di vertiginosi aumenti di prezzo e l'incertezza geopolitica nella fornitura di gas naturale e petrolio, oltre alla forte dipendenza dell'India dalle importazioni di petrolio (Which will increase to 91.6% by 2020) and air pollution, make it a priority to reduce the use of non-renewable energy sources to meet the growing needs and the need for energy security.
On June 30, 2008, during the launch of the National Action Plan on Climate Change, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said:
"Our goal is to make sustainable economic development of India in terms of energy . The economic activity will switch from using fossil fuels to the use of non-fossil fuels and must reduce dependence on nonrenewable energy sources, already low, to address in order to more renewables. In this strategy, the sun represents a central role. We will ask the most talented in science, technology and management to make the sun as a source of abundant energy for the country to strengthen our economy and transform the lives of the inhabitants. [...]"
, India presents huge opportunities for solar energy: it is a tropical country, where available sunlight is 250-300 days a year for several hours daily and intensive. Most areas of the country receive daily solar radiation of 4-7 kWh per square meter for a potential energy equal to about 600 terawatt [1] year.
Today, in India there is an installed capacity of solar energy equal to only 2 MW. The lack of development of the segment is caused by the high cost of solar energy generation (from 0.18 to 0.22 € / unit) resulting in turn from the capital expenditure (about 2.94 million euro (MW). Suffice think that the production costs of conventional energy sources is approximately 0.03 to 0.04 € / unit.
To promote the sector, the Central Government has provided various subsidies to solar power generation. One of the policies stronger is the National Solar Mission, presented by the Prime Minister of India in early 2009.
The main purpose of the National Solar Mission is to make India a global leader in solar energy, by:
- installation of solar systems for a total capacity of 20 gigawatts by 2020, to 100 gigawatts by 2030 and of 200 gigawatts by 2050;
- reducing the cost of solar energy, to achieve equality than other sources;
- achieving equality at the level of power generation, with coal by 2030;
- creating 4-5 gigawatt production capacity of solar energy by 2017.
The implementation of solar energy plan will be developed in three phases:
- Phase 1 (2009-2012). The main objectives of Phase 1 are: quickly reach economies of scale to reduce costs, stimulate domestic production and validating the viability of various solar applications;
- Phase 2 (2012-2017). Plans for Phase 2 include: expansion of the equipment installed and validated, the launch of the business model on rural electrification, commercialization of solar thermal plants, launching new technologies, promotion of lighting and heating systems for large scale solar, reaching a total installed capacity of 7.6 gigawatts by 2017;
- Phase 3 (2017-2020). In step 3 you will achieve the following objectives: achieving equality of rates with other conventional energy sources, commercialization of technologies for energy conservation, significantly reducing the cost of solar power and the creation of a robust support infrastructure within the country, reaching a total installed capacity of 20 gigawatts and creation of 1 million rooftop solar systems with a capacity of 3 kW, 2020.
[1] 1 TW = 1 trillion watts.
